Airway Bill (AWB)
An Airway Bill is a transport document used in air cargo transportation. It contains details about the cargo, sender, recipient, and shipping information. Similar to a Bill of Lading in sea freight, the AWB is not a negotiable document.
ADR (International Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Road)
Signed in 1957 and enforced in 1968 by the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe, ADR regulates the transport of dangerous goods by road. It classifies goods into nine categories, including explosives, gases, flammable liquids and solids, oxidizing substances, toxic and infectious materials, radioactive substances, corrosives, and miscellaneous dangerous goods.
A.TR (ATR Movement Certificate)
A certificate used under the Customs Union Agreement between Türkiye and the European Union (EU). It proves that goods exported from Türkiye to EU countries are of Turkish origin and can move freely without customs duties. It ensures exemption from customs tariffs and duties for Turkish-origin products exported to the EU.
Bill of Lading (B/L)
A Bill of Lading is an official document used in sea freight that serves both as a contract of carriage and proof of receipt of goods. It is a valuable security document for the owner of the goods and is often required by banks in payment transactions.
Bonded Warehouse
A storage facility where goods can be kept without paying customs duties until they are released for sale or further transportation. It is commonly used in imports to manage cash flow and control market entry timing.
Break Bulk
A type of transportation where goods are shipped individually rather than in containers. It is used for large, heavy, or non-standard cargo, such as machinery parts or construction materials.
Cargo
Refers to goods transported for commercial purposes via road, sea, air, or rail. It includes all types of loads, from bulk shipments to containerized cargo.
Cargo Insurance
Insurance coverage against damage or loss of cargo during transit. It helps mitigate risks associated with transportation.
Cargo Manifest
A document listing all cargo on a vessel or transport vehicle. It includes details such as sender, recipient, type, and quantity of goods. Essential for customs clearance and cargo tracking.
Certificate of Origin (COO)
A legal document certifying the country of origin of goods. It is required by importing countries’ customs authorities and often used to benefit from trade agreements.
Consignee
The person or company to whom goods are delivered at the end of the shipment process. Accurate consignee information is crucial for timely and smooth delivery.
Consolidation
The process of combining multiple small shipments into one larger shipment to reduce costs and improve efficiency. Common in Less than Container Load (LCL) shipping.
Customs Clearance
The process of obtaining customs approval for imported or exported goods, including document submission and duty payments.
Customs Broker
An individual or company authorized to handle customs procedures, including filing declarations and ensuring legal compliance.
Cross-Docking
A logistics method where goods are transferred directly from an incoming shipment to an outgoing vehicle without storage, reducing handling time and costs.
Cut-off Time
The deadline for accepting a shipment for transportation, crucial in sea and air freight logistics.
Demurrage
A fee charged when a container stays at a port beyond the free period. It is applied to prevent unnecessary congestion.
Detention
A fee imposed when a container is kept outside the port beyond the allowed free period, such as at a factory or warehouse.
Dock Receipt
A document confirming that cargo has been received at a port for shipment.
Dozvola
A permit required for road transport vehicles to cross international borders. Issued in Türkiye by authorized institutions under the Turkish Union of Chambers and Commodity Exchanges (TOBB). There are two types: Bilateral Dozvola (for direct transport between two neighboring countries) and Transit Dozvola (for transiting through multiple countries).
ETA (Estimated Time of Arrival)
The projected arrival time of a shipment at its destination.
ETD (Estimated Time of Departure)
The scheduled departure time of a shipment.
Export License
A legal authorization required for exporting specific goods, particularly strategic, military, or sensitive items.
FCL (Full Container Load)
A shipping method where an entire container is used by a single shipper, reducing risk and ensuring more secure transport.
Freight Class
A classification system for cargo based on factors such as density, size, and handling requirements, used for pricing transportation costs.
Freight Collect
A payment term where the consignee (recipient) is responsible for transport charges upon delivery.
Freight Forwarder
A logistics company that coordinates international transportation, including mode selection, customs clearance, insurance, and cargo handling.
Freight Prepaid
A term indicating that shipping costs are paid by the sender.
Freight Reimbursement
A process where transport costs are refunded due to incorrect shipping, loss, or damage.
Full Truckload (FTL)
A land transport method where a full truck is used for a single shipment, ensuring faster delivery and efficiency.
Free Zone
A designated area where goods can be stored, processed, or traded without customs duties, offering advantages for exporters.
Hazardous Goods
Items classified as dangerous due to their flammable, explosive, toxic, or environmentally harmful nature, requiring special handling and packaging.
Import License
A legal document required for importing certain products, often mandated for health, safety, or trade regulation purposes.
Import Duty
A tax imposed on imported goods, payable by the importer.
Incoterms
International commercial terms defining the responsibilities of buyers and sellers in global trade, covering transport costs, insurance, customs clearance, and delivery.
Intermodal Transportation
A transport method that integrates multiple modes (road, sea, air, rail) for efficiency and cost-effectiveness.
Land Transport
The transportation of goods via road or rail.
Lashing
The process of securing cargo to prevent movement or damage during transport.
Last Mile Delivery
The final stage of the delivery process, ensuring goods reach the end customer, critical for logistics efficiency.
Logistics Chain
The complete process of transporting goods from production to final delivery, including storage and distribution.
LCL (Less than Container Load)
A shipping method where multiple shipments share a single container, reducing costs for small loads.
Loading Dock
A designated area for loading and unloading cargo at warehouses or factories.
Manifest
A detailed list of all cargo on a transport vehicle, used for customs clearance and shipment tracking.
NVOCC (Non-Vessel Operating Common Carrier)
A company that organizes container shipping but does not own vessels.
Packing List
A document listing the contents and details of a shipment, crucial for customs and tracking.
Port of Discharge
The destination port where cargo is unloaded.
Port of Loading
The port where cargo is initially loaded onto a vessel.
Quote
A cost estimate for transportation services, based on shipment details.
Reefer (Refrigerated Container)
A temperature-controlled container used for transporting perishable goods such as food and pharmaceuticals.
Shipper
The party responsible for sending goods.
Transshipment
The process of transferring cargo from one transport mode to another.
Tare Weight
The empty weight of a transport vehicle or container, deducted from the total weight to determine net cargo weight.
Tariff
A schedule of fees for transport and customs services.
Terminal Handling Charges (THC)
Terminal Handling Charges are fees charged for the movement or storage of cargo at a port terminal. These charges cover port services, loading, and unloading operations.
Through Bill of Lading (TBL)
A Through Bill of Lading is a consolidated transport document used in international shipping involving multiple modes of transportation. It covers the entire transportation process and ensures the cargo is delivered across different carriers and transport modes.
Waybill
A Waybill is a document used to track the journey of cargo during transportation. It is commonly used in road transport and serves as proof that the cargo has been received and is in transit. A waybill is usually a non-negotiable document.
Warehouse Receipt
A Warehouse Receipt is a document issued by a storage facility confirming the receipt of stored goods. It indicates that the goods are being held in the warehouse and can be released to the rightful owner or authorized party.
Weight Bill
A Weight Bill is a document indicating the weight of cargo, used to determine transportation charges. This document is particularly essential in road transport, as it provides the necessary data for pricing the shipment.
Zoning
Zoning in logistics refers to the process of grouping cargo based on transport modes or destinations. It helps improve logistics efficiency and optimize transportation costs.